EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CORDYCEPS MILITARIS UNDER ULTRASONIC CONDITIONS

Abstract

Ultrasound, as a method of intensifying the processes of dissolution and extraction of biologically active substances from various types of plant and animal raw materials, has been widely used in the field of applied scientific research and various areas of food, pharmaceutical and biotechnological production. The insufficient amount of scientific data on the conditions and effectiveness of the use of ultrasound in the isolation of biologically active compounds from the biomass of Cordyceps militaris mycelium determined the purpose of the presented study. The work is devoted to the study of the processes of extraction of fungal pigments and polysaccharides in the extraction mode with a heated water-ethanol mixture (20–80% vol., 30–60 °C) under the influence of a generated ultrasonic field (power 150 W, frequency 28 kHz). Mycelial biomass of the Cordyceps militaris strain GF-05 was grown by solid-phase cultivation on a plant substrate (wheat grain, white, red and brown rice). The duration of extraction under sonication conditions varied from 10 to 40 minutes. The control of the content of carotenoids, polysaccharides and flavonoids in dry extracts was assessed by spectrophotometric method. It has been established that the use of selected rational parameters of ultrasonic extraction (70% ethanol solution, ultrasonic power and frequency 150 W and 28 kHz, temperature 60 °C, duration 30 min, raw material to extractant ratio 1: 50) makes it possible to obtain extracts containing 1.63–3.22% carotenoids, 13.45–17.65% polysaccharides and 19.90–30.56% flavonoids, depending on the composition of the plant substrate used. The highest content of biologically active compounds was found in mycelium grown on brown rice grains. It was found that when the ethanol concentration increases from 20 to 70%, there is a significant increase in the transfer of dry substances into the extract (from 7.5 to 19.1%), a further increase in the ethanol concentration in the extractant reduces their solubility and transfer into the extract. Extracts obtained from the biomass of the fungi C. militaris are characterized by a high content of biologically active compounds and can be used as biologically active ingredients in food, pharmaceutical products and medical devices. © 2024 Altai State University. All rights reserved.